An evaluation of the effectiveness of leadership professional Dissertation

An evaluation of the effectiveness of leadership professional development curriculum at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy - Dissertation Example Graduates from this institution succeed within the field of maritime industry and serving effectively as mature and experienced leaders in the Armed Forces or reserve commissioned officers. The education system is provided in time period of four years. The Program The location of the Academy is Kings Point in New York. The operation of the Academy is facilitated by the Maritime Administration of the Federal Government, which is a U.S. Department of Transportation agency. The program is carried out in four years, and uses a regimental system to ensure that midshipmen acquire the necessary knowledge and skills, which would grant them an opportunity of earning ashore maritime employment, developing discipline in careers, serving in U.S. Armed Forces, and becoming successful leaders in society. The Regiment of the Academy has an approximate value of 950 midshipmen who represent each Union state and U.S. Possessions and Trust Territories (Capt, 2006). The attained student body size enable s the achievement of an effective ratio between students and teachers. Further, this student size depicts the real camaraderie that exists in all Regiment members. Every profession in the current society is dependent in the quality of education, which is attained from colleges. U.S Merchant Marine Academy adopts the same and ensures that the quality of education provided in the college is sound. The academic program of the Academy ensures that all midshipmen receive specialized and quality training in order to become merchant marine officers, in U.S. who are licensed. This occurs since the academy adheres to the International Convention on Training Standards and Watch keeping for Seafarers and Certification (STCW) of 1978 including the related amendments to STCW Code (Catalog, 2011, p. 6). The accrediting of the Academy’s curriculum is carried out by Middle States Association of Schools and Colleges (Catalog, 2011, p. 6). This curriculum has the ability of ensuring that each midshipman receives the required college education necessary for the attainment of a bachelor’s degree in science. There are few colleges, which have the potential to provide a wide range of credentials to their education graduates. Midshipmen who are enrolled in the Academy end up being challenged both physically and intellectually. This occurs since the academic program for the Academy is demanding and the regimental system is rigorous. Students find freshman year strenuous as they undergo a transition from being graduates of high school to Academy midshipman (Kumar, 2008). The introduction of freshman year involves extensive learning of new terms, how to adopt effective means of time management, how to work while under pressure, and the endurance quality. As midshipmen enter the second and third year, they are prepared for practical training. This training occurs when the midshipmen go to the sea in order to gain practical training on shipboard. This training equips the sh ipmen with experience on mariner’s environment, as well as skills on how to undertake initiatives on their own and being self-reliant (Kumar, 2008). The final year involves ensuring that the midshipmen have the ability of fine-tuning the skills and experience learnt from class, as well as the practical exposure at the sea. This aids in

3-Year Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

3-Year Marketing Plan Essay Introduction In order that we continue our company’s financial growth, we need to branch out into new product lines. A study was performed to consider our entrance into the pet supply market. We have developed a new single product for that purpose. It is a Cordless Automatic Nail Trimmer for dogs and cats. The findings of this study are in this presentation. Our numbers are conservative. The potential for success is high. We are Company G are always looking forward to find and implement new lines that will complement our Mission statement, and our bottom line. This is our next opportunity introduces Company G and the product or product line that you are writing this marketing plan about. Mission Statement â€Å"We enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing innovative electronics solutions.† See more:  Masters of Satire: John Dryden and Jonathan Swift Essay Product Description and Classification The Cordless Automatic Nail Trimmer for Dogs and cats will be our first entry into the world of pets. This product uses a sensor to find the quick (the bundle of nerves and blood vessels) on a pets nail, then adjusts to a spot just below it. It trims the nail, rotates to the next nail, and repeats the process, until trimming each nail on the paw. Simply remove the paw, and continue on each paw until done. Our trimmer will avoid the pain of cutting the quick with bleeding. It will not cause discomfort for the animal associated heat build up from electric nail trimmers. This product will allow anyone from novice to professional to trim a dog or cats nails to perfection. Rather than making an appointment, going to the local pet groomer, paying $7 to $25 (before tip), or big box, a pet owner can trim their pet’s nails at home. If the owner would rather have the nails done, they can have their groomer use our tool, giving the pet owner peace of mind, knowing their pet will not suff er any pain. Consumer Product Classification Consumer Factors Planning time involved in purchase Purchase frequency Importance of convenient location Comparison of price and quality Considerable Infrequent Important Considerable Shopping Products Specialty Products Shopping Products Shopping Products Marketing Mix Factors Price Importance of seller’s image Distribution channel length Number of sales outlets Promotion Relatively high Very important Relatively short Few Personal selling and advertising by producer and seller Shopping Products Shopping Products Shopping Products Shopping Products Shopping Products Target Market The target market is between the ages of 30 and 45 with busy lives, looking to save time and money. Their incomes would be greater than $60K. This will include professionals, as well as working couples. We will target both existing dog or cat owners, as well as new entrants to pet ownership. Competitive Situation Analysis Analysis of Competition using Porter’s 5 Forces Model Competitive Rivalry Today are no direct competitors. We are entering an existing market, with a completely new technology. The closet rivalry is the electric trimmer, produced by Dremel Tools and Oster Company. These products do NOT have the features we have. They do not compare in experience. There is no threat at this time. Threat from New Entrants We have the threat from two outside entrants to create a knock off version of our automatic nail trimmer. The two companies that could attempt to enter the market are Dremel Tools and Oster Company. The threat to us is medium for a few reasons. We will patent our trimmer, which means that they will have to start with our product, and then develop modifications, to avoid patent infringement. Both companies’ current products use a different kind of technology. They are grinders and do not have any quick detection apparatus’. While Dremel Tools has been in the pet trimming market for some time, they only modified the grinder used for woodworking and other craft projects. This would be a departure from their core competency. This is the only venture by Oster Company. They a relatively new to the market, It isn’t likely that they will put more R and D dollars into a second pet product at this time. Threat from Buyers There is no threat to us from buyers. Pets must have their nails trimmed on a regular basis, or they can suffer pain and / or health issue. The owners of these pets are responsible to maintain their pets’ nails. With the addition of our safe, reliable, easy to use product added to the market, buyers have all of the options they could want. At our price point, they would not consider creating a similar product. It is an infrequent purchase for them. We will also establish a blog site to give our customers an opportunity to help us determine if they desire any additional features. Threat from Suppliers There is very little threat to us from our two suppliers. Vendor A is supplying us with the heat-sensing component to our trimmer. The device they are producing for us helps to expand their bottom end line of heat sensors. This represents a 10 percent addition to their offering. The main customers for Vendor A is the Armed forces, who buy heat sensing devices for airplanes, tanks, and vision goggles for ground troops. They do not have the infrastructure to build a product such as ours. They would not take on the capital expense to enter this type of manufacturing. They do not have any retail, on-line, distribution experience, or presence. Vendor B who supplies us with the stainless steel blades are in a similar situation. Their main customer is the medical, surgical industry. Vendor B manufacturers high end surgical blades, knives, as well as blades for men’s razor blades. Our product represents a new product in between in quality. It is not significant enough for Vendor B to start an entirely new type of product for them Threat from Substitutes In the current market, there are threats from substitutes.  People not using our product can use manual nail clippers, grinders, or pay someone else to trim their pets’ nails. The threat to us does not exist. All pet owners are currently using one of these venues today. With the quality, ease of use, time and money savings, and cruelty free aspect of our trimmer, virtually nobody will revert to these substitutes. SWOT Analysis Before we risk our profits or our brand value, we took a critical look both internally, and externally. The intent is to consider how we can leverage the positives, improve on our weaknesses and prepare for outside threats. Here are the findings. STRENGTHS *indicates core competency Financial health* Efficient manufacturing Brand Reputation* WEAKNESSES Lack of training Lack of Distribution network Never advertised pet products OPPORTUNITIES Pet ownership on steady rise Personal time on decrease Economy is increasing expendable income THREATS Possible newer technology Economic downturn Heat sensor supply issue Strengths Financial health is one of our core competencies. We have a very low debt-to-equity ratio, combined with a credit rating. This gives us the flexibility to create initial inventory and cover the typical start-up costs related to a new product line. Brand reputation, another core competency, means that we are already in the homes of many of our targeted customers. They know we produce high quality, well designed, products. Our brand is a trusted name nationally. Efficient manufacturing is another of our strengths. It allows up to produce our goods at a lower total cost compared with competitors. We run our production lines quickly, with little waste, or re-work. This helps for reliable batch production, and very few quality / defects issues in the field. Weaknesses Lack of training for our production line associates is a potential issue. Production will be slower, risks quality compliance, and will cost more per unit compared to our established lines. Lack of advertising relationships within the pet market is another weakness. We do not advertise at all aimed at pet owners. We do not understand what the costs are, compared to our other product lines. We will not be able to bundle the new lines advertising with our other lines, for a volume discount. Our sales force is not equipped to demonstrate our new product line. We will need to higher trainers, and new sales people that are specialists specific to the new line. Opportunities The economy is on an upward trend. As wages increase, so does expendable  income. This allows people to purchase pets, supplies, and services. This applies for either new or existing pets in the household. Personal time is on the decrease. Wage earners are spending more time working. Parents are spending more time driving their school-aged children to sports, music lessons, and dance classes, etc. These parents will also attend the events surrounding the activities. Taking Fido to the groomer and picking him up later is another time eater. Being able to trim nails effortlessly, in your own home, on your own schedule has a good deal of appeal. Pet ownership is on the rise. In 2013, there were 82.5 million pet owners in the United States. This number is expected to rise to 92 million by 2018. In 2013 $4.4 billion dollars were spend on grooming and boarding. In 2014 sales rose to $4.7 billion, a 7% increase. This is a growth industry. Threats Economic downturn could become a possible threat. As expendable income dwindles, pet owners could potentially purchase less expensive nail trimmers. They could also choose to go to a groomer, but do so less often as a money saver. A supply issue could threaten our ability to produce our product. A shortage of the heat sensors could become an issue. If our vendor chooses to increase the price of the sensors could become an issue as well, reducing our margin to an unacceptable level. Development of a newer technology is a threat. A competitor, on a new company could start making the next generation of automatic trimmers. Dependent on the features, or price, we could lose market share. Market Objectives Product Objective Sell 100K units by 12/31/2016. Price Objective Achieve a profit of $500K by 12/31/2016. Place Objective Have our product on the shelves of 2 national chains, and in 200 independent retail pet supply stores by 9/15/2015. Have an on-line presence by 9/1/2015. Promotion Objective Our objective is to have 250K hits on you-tube demonstration by 1/1/2016 and 100K hits on our website specific to the new product line by 6/1/2016. Marketing Strategies This section will introduce you to the particular strategies, which will assure that we achieve our objectives. You will find them well thought out and comprehensive. We took the necessary time to be confident that they are inter-related and logical, using previous tactics which have been successful here at Company G. Product Strategies Packaging – use our trusted XG logo and recognized style of packaging. Great Warranty – offering a two-year warranty, this is better than current electric trimmers in the market. This is in line with our warranty for other product lines in our assortment. Dedicated Help Line – have a 24/7 help line specific to this product line. It will give advice, answer questions, and take care of issues that arise for customers. Price Strategies Market Pricing Skimming pricing of $89.99. Good Terms – we will give 2% net 30 days pricing to our distributers. Advertising Allowances – $5 per unit sold for preapproved advertising campaigns. We will require proof of sales and give credit within 30 days of campaign end date/ Place Strategies Retail Stores – 2 National chain stores and 200 local pet stores based on their sales. Web presence – We will sell through Amazon.com, as well as on our web site. Quick shipping – We are going to use Amazon’s distribution Centers to ship to retail stores and directly to customers. This will be the most efficient use of our finished goods inventory. Promotion Strategies Personal selling – We will provide demonstrations at dog shows. Social media – We will have a You-tube presence, and a Face book presence. Discount / Donation – We will give customers a $5 discount and donate $5 to the Humane Society for the first 50K units sold. Explanation of Strategies These strategies are a combination of approaches. We are going to use our strong brand name and recognition to take advantage to the consumers’ trust.  If they compare our product to Dremel or Oster’s trimmer, they will see we give them a superior warranty. We will get our product in front of millions of potential customers at dog shows. There are dog shows of various types happening every week across the United States. The retailers that we target will get good financial terms, along with our strong brand name. Our you-tube presentation will prove to customers just how easy and safe our trimmer is. We will also appeal to the good nature of pet owners will our donation to the Humane Society. Tactics and Action Plan In order to assure our success we need to put specific tactics in place. They need a due date and responsible party, so anyone in the process can see if we are adhering to our timeline. We know whom to ask about any given tactic as well.

Durkheim: Suicide and Solidarity in Society

Durkheim: Suicide and Solidarity in Society Durkheim and Links Between Suicide and Solidarity in Society Emile Durkheims third piece of work was, Suicide published in 1897 and was a case study of which the title describes. A subject that Durkheim was very interested in along with suicide rates and the aspects of social life which had an impact on these statistics. Durkheims own definition of suicide was applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result (Durkheim, extract from Suicide p110). This instrumental piece of writing looked more closely at the sociological reasons behind taking ones life rather than the personal or psychological reasons. Durkheim gathered suicide rates and statistics from many European countries and these were analysed and played a large part in his beliefs that, changes in social solidarity were linked to suicide rates. He also offered his theoretical opinions on the social aspects that also, played a part in these suicide statistics and this essay shall delve more deeply in to the links between suicide and the changes in social solidarity. Emile Durkheim was a great believer in sociology, social facts and the aspects of social life that shape our actions as individuals, things like the state of the economy, religious influences or family. (Giddens, 1997). Social facts were important to Durkheim and he believed they ought to be studied seriously and as objectively as any other science. Durkheim was fascinated at how society was changing and transforming. That the very things that were important to society and glued it all together, values, morals and customs were changing with the times and to Durkheim this played a part in his conclusions on suicide and their rates. Durkheim spoke of society having sacred character and the emergence of sacred symbols. These were a key part of his theory. Durkheim focused much on social solidarity, he describes this as the belief systems and institutions which play a vital part in giving societies coherence and meaning in the way we relate to each other. As society changed it created new social situations and along with these came, what he called social conditions. These were things like severe neurosis and mental fatigue. All coming about as one type of society ends and another is born. He accounted several reasons for the changes in society, the boom of mass media, the vast increase in the use of steam power and scientific rationalism. Durkheim explained that morality was at the heart of social solidarity and its when social cohesion is lacking when those all important symbols, like religion and family, that bind us all together in a moral manner, fall to the wayside. These things taught us how to relate to one another and on their demise, society and how we achieve social solidarity demises also. In Durkheims words when society is strongly integrated, it holds the individual under its control (Durkheim,1982, Excert from Suicide p209). Durkheim makes a distinction between mechanical and organic solidarity. The first of which is what he considered to show the traits of a more traditional society. The division of labour was of a more simple nature and individuality was less common. He claims there was a far more collective consciousness and religion and god played a far bigger part in society. Mechanical solidarity occurs when individual differences are minimized and the members of society are much alike in their devotion to the common weal (Lewis A. Coser, 1971, Masters of Sociological Thought, p 30). Durkheim talks of legal codes and how when crimes are committed, they are offensive to the masses, not just the individual. In this type of society crimes and criminal behaviour are punished in a most serious way, sometimes even by death. In Durkheims own words an act is criminal when it offends strong and defined states of the collective conscience (Division of Labour, p 80). This contrasts strongly with how things are in this day and age and indeed when Durkheim noted changes in society, But today, it is said, punishment has changed it character, it is no longer to avenge itself that society punishes, it is to defend itself. (Division of Labour, p 86). Organic solidarity is related to a more modern society, where things are less traditional and things like family and religion are no longer at the very heart. This is a more capitalist society and has a high division of labour and specialised skills. The collective consciousness is less so and individuality is far more common. Social differences are obvious via class, race or gender. Specialized activities, different ways of living and individual dependence are all more common than within mechanical solidarity. Durkheim talks of the differences as individuals and as groups and thus a new form of social solidarity is born. Organic solidarity, presupposes not identity but difference between individuals in their beliefs and actions. The growth of organic solidarity and the expansion of the division of labour are hence associated with increasing individualism. (Giddens, p 77). Durkheims use of an organic analogy explains how he comes to use the term organic solidarity, Society becomes more capable of collective movement, at the same time that each of its elements has more freedom of movement. The solidarity resembles that which we observe among the higher animals. Each organ, in effect, has its special physiognomy, it autonomy. And moreover, the unity of the organism is as great as the individuation of the parts is more marked. Because of this analogy, we propose to call the solidarity which is due to the division of labour, organic. (Division of Labour, p 131). Durkheim believes that the division of labour, the rights given over more to individuals and that the division of labour was not a natural occurrence that benefited society and this is why organic solidarity was born. Durkheim spoke much on social solidarity and the division of labour. He argued that the process of transcending from mechanical to organic social solidarity was the very cause of new social and economic institutions and relationships. A more complex and specalised division of labour had not given the outcome Durkheim had predicted. He expected it would result in social economic meritocracy and this was not the case. Class conflict was one outcome of the division of labour. Anomic division of labour, Durkheim explains, happens in times of economic, commercial or industrial crisis. The unusual situation of conflict may occur between capital and labour and this would be seen as a non usual situation. Organic solidarity begins to break down and a state of anomie occurs. Forced division of labour happens when the division of labour does not continue organically. People may begin to act in ways that are aimed at protecting themselves or their position and constraints in place can cause inequalities between gender, race and or class. Durkheims interest in suicide and suicide rates within Europe stemmed from his belief that sociology could explain social malaise. He believed it was the path to modernity that caused social malaise. He also believed that psychology and neurology could only diagnose the problem not expose the social genus of condition. His interest in suicide was also stemmed from the division of labour in more modern societies and the importance of social solidarity on people. In another of Durkheims writings, Rules of the Sociological Method, he talked about the concept of anomie. Within his research he studied the suicide rates between catholics and protestants. He concluded that more protestants committed suicide than catholics did. His explanation for this was that catholics being more god fearing. and having more social control than protestants, stopped them from committing suicide as often as protestants did. Durkheim believes that the more social integration people have then the less likely they are to kill themselves. Those who have little social integration, less involvement in society, are more likely to kill themselves before they become a serious drain on society. According to Durkheim, changes in the modern world occur at such a speed and with such intensity, that social difficulties are born and these are what he link to anomie. A feeling of aimlessness or despair provoked by modern social life. (Giddens, (1997) It seems that part of this research could have been flawed. Durkheim didnt take in to account the guilt and shame that often came with Catholicism. Many times in the past catholic families would not declare their dead family members as having committed suicide for fear of not being given a proper burial or the shame faced by other members of the community. Therefore the statistics at that time could perhaps have been skewed down to these facts. Durkheim believed that the issues of social solidarity could well explain some of the reasons why people committed suicide. He believed those less involved and or couldnt identify with society were at risk of committing suicide or indeed those over involved with society too attached or unattached to the rules, morals, values and belief systems of society. Durkheim spoke of different typology of suicide, the first being Egoism and Altruism. Egoism suicide is when a person forms very little attachment to society. They cant see any worth in their own lives and suicide feels like a last resort.He claimed married people committed suicide less than people who were single and this was the typology that the protestants versus catholic rates would fall under. Altruistic suicide is the opposite effect. Its when a person develops an over attachment to the collective goals of society. He said this type occurs when people who belong to a tight knit group begin to feel threatened and in turn these types of suicide can almost be seen as honourable. More relevant today with suicide bombers, cult members and samurais. Durkheim described it as self destruction in defense. The second typology of suicide was anomic and fatalistic. The first being related too a person having a sudden and stressful change in their life circumstances. This could be from divorce to financial ruin, those who once held wealth and prestige and then faced to lose it all and become unemployed would perhaps commit anomic suicide. Fatalistic suicide, Durkheim explained was an intense over regulation of an individual by society. Therefore the types of people who may commit fatalistic suicide are slaves, prisoners of war or in earlier times perhaps women who remained unmarried or without children. Durkheim didnt consider this type of suicide to be common in the modern society. Durkheims work has been much accredited over the years. It was one of the largest studies carried out in a sociological perspective on suicide. His research methods and use of rates and statistics was innovative at the time it was carried out although as was the case with catholics versus protestants in regards to suicide rates, he did fail to take in to account the natural guilt that came with Catholicism. Some claim Durkheims approaches are too positive and or functionalist in nature. Durkheim puts huge emphasis on social facts and perhaps via this he fails to look more closely at personal phenomena. Others have claimed that Durkheims theories were not empirically supported . Durkheims work undoubtedly was remarkable in nature and offered a stunning insight in to suicide and the changes of social solidarity.

Networking :: essays research papers

The main purpose of this project was to change the network architecture in such a way as to allow lab computers easier network access without being bound by lengthy network wiring. The lab computers are often moved around from project to project and easy network access was becoming a problem. After a detailed analysis of the current setup, it was determined that installing a wireless network in addition to the existing landline network would provide the best solution. The following describes the final configuration (see diagram on page 4). Internet access is provided by a DSL modem connected to a router. The router in turn has two connections into it. One is a wireless Ethernet access point, which provides access to the network for all wireless computers, mainly from the lab. Two is an Ethernet switch which interfaces the remaining landline Ethernet computers. A print server is connected to the switch to allow network printing access. Configuration of the router is accomplished via a web browser and logging into a specific local I.P. address on the router. The built in EPROM has software running on it which allows easy configuration of the functions. These functions include configuring the DHCP server, security settings, firewalls, access restrictions, etc. Configuration the wireless access point is also done via a similar interface; a USB cable us used to connect to the access point firmware and configure the SSID on the network as well as the WEP key for secure wireless communications. The operating systems present on the various computers include Microsoft Windows 98, NT, 2000 and XP Professional. These provide a friendly user interface to the operators and, because they are from the same vendor, they interoperate efficiently. Because of their age, Windows 98 and NT are in the process of being phased out in favor of Windows XP Professional. Typical data flow when transferring a file from the lab to a desktop computer for analysis would involve the data from the lab being sent wirelessly to the access point. From the access point, the data is transferred to the router, which in turn forwards the file to the appropriate computer on the network. If the destination computer is physically wired to the network, the data must pass through a multi-port switch before it reaches the destination computer. Each computer on the network has a unique I.P. address assigned to it by the router and this is how it is identified.

Plato Allegory Essay

1. The purpose of the allegory is to make it able to direct a relationship between a character, object, or place and an idea or concept. An allegory shows expressions through symbols, allowing the reader to use their imagination. This form of writing easily attracts the attention of its reader. 2. The cave symbolizes the ignorance of mankind. Within the cave, mankind is unaware of any existing world outside of the wall that is placed directly in front of the prisoners. I do believe that there are other possible interpretations. This interpretation could be material world, and physical world we experience. 3. I believe the prisoners in the cave are symbols of humanity. The common human who does not know what reality is until they are unchained and released 4. I believe the prisons are chained in The Allegory of the Cave because of the many restrictions humanity has to withstand. The prisoners are forced to see things from a certain perspective. Chains could possibly symbolize the laws. 5. I believe the puppet masters represent society, education, and religion. The puppet masters shape the understanding of the prisoners. Within societies, education, and religion shape our understanding and are responsible for how we learn. 6. A prisoner would be released from their bonds and cured of their delusions. However, this escape may involve confusion and difficulty. The prisoner’s vision would be at fault and provide struggle. They would experience a whole new world. 7. The prisoner that escaped would be made a fool if one attempted to return to the cave. The other prisoners would question and ruin all possible sight. If the prisoner attempted to lead one up, it is possible they would kill that prisoner. 8. I think â€Å"the good† refers to the light which is justice and enlightenment. 9. Socrates goes on to say that their argument indicates that knowledge is innate in each one of us. He compares our brain to an eye that can’t be turned from bad to good unless our whole body is turned. Socrates says this is similar to the way that our whole mind must be turned away from the world until we can handle reality. 10. Socrates says that the ultimate â€Å"job of lawgivers† is to require the best mind to reach the highest form of knowledge. He also says their job is to strive for vision of the good, and when that is reached, stop them from active how they are allowed to be then. 1. I do think the people today can be prisoners existing in a cave as Plato states. Although we may say somebody is a prisoner, it may not mean that they are actually in jail. There are many prisoners in jail for doing crimes but also there are many people who have never committed a crime who are prisoners. The cave that they are in is their own beliefs. 2. I do believe that the images on the cave wall could represent modern symbols. The images on the cave wall represented what the prisoners thought was present in the exiting world that they were in. the modern version of the images could be compared to the religions groups that choose not to conform to the rest of the world. They know about the outside world and all it has to offer but they choose not to accept that life style. 3. I do believe that there are current examples of the puppet masters. Today the puppet masters could represent teachers, priests, the Police, and security guards. 4. I believe there is a modern view of â€Å"the Good. † Examples of â€Å"the good† in modern views would be religion, family, job, or the idea that someone holds close.

Extension of the jubilee line Essays

Extension of the jubilee line Essays Extension of the jubilee line Essay Extension of the jubilee line Essay Canary Wharf Canary Wharf tubing station is on the Jubilee Line between Canada Water and North Greenwich. It was opened as an extension of the Jubilee Line on 17th September 1999 and is in Travelcard Zone 2. Canary Wharf is a big office and shopping development composite in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, of East London. Though A ; lsquo ; The Square Mile is the traditional fiscal country of London, Canary Wharf is place to three tallest edifices: One Canada Square, 8 Canada Square and The Citigroup Centre. Major Bankss like Barclays, Credit Suisse, HSBC and Citigroup, jurisprudence houses like Clifford Chance, media houses like Thomsons Reuters and Trinity Mirror are housed in Canary Wharf. The figure of employees working here exceeds 100,000 of whom 25 % unrecorded in Canary Wharf. With an addition in residential population, shopping composites, hotels, eating houses, saloons, wellness attentions and leisure installations, and art galleries continue to turn here. Abundant star hotels in Canary Wharf provide quality service. Canary Wharf is an uncomparable residential and official urban country in the full universe. In fact, 500,000 people shop at Canary Wharf in the weekends. On the site of the West India Docks on the Isle of Dogs, Canary Wharf was built. Michael Von Clemm, former president of Credit Suisse First Boston ( CSFB ) , ab initio converted it as a back office. Then, a pool of investors led by Morgan Stanley was mostly responsible for change overing Canary Wharf into a booming fiscal territory. Hotels In Canary Wharf Tube Station, London There are more than 75 hotels near Canary Wharf tubing station. Many 4-star and 3-star hotels in Canary Wharf offer service that is par excellence. You can happen many well-equipped service flat hotels in Zone 2. The Canary Wharf hotels are impressive in their magnificence and service. The Canary pier hotels cater to the concern conferencing services in a professional mode. Luxury Hotels In Canary Wharf Tube Station, London Hilton London Canary Wharf is a hotel in South Quay, Marsh Wall, London. Located at the bosom of concern, shopping and eating houses, this 4-star hotel has 400 finely equipped suites. This hotel in Zone 2 provides 9 meeting suites, executive suites, executive sofa, concern Centre, sweat room and a secondary school. Britannia International Hotel is a 4-star hotel in Marsh Wall, London. They concentrate on supplying meeting and conference room installations chiefly because this is a hotel near Canary Wharf. This hotel in the East London has 442 en-suite sleeping rooms, 13 conference suites, and elegant eating house called A ; lsquo ; Crompton . Italian Pizzeria, a Conservatory Bar and Jenny s Bar are ideal topographic points to loosen up in London. Radisson Edwardian New Providence Wharf is a hotel in Fairmont Avenue, London. Defined as a 4-star hotel near Canary Wharf tubing station, they provide 169 luxuriously accommodated suites and modern conferencing installations. This hotel in East London offers a host of comfortss like Wi-Fi cyberspace entree, concern Centre, the Azura Restaurant and the East River watering place. Saco @ The Landmark, London is a service-apartment in Marsh Wall, London. This hotel in Zone 2 offers 17 smart flats with Molton Brown toilet articless, and modern-day designed kitchens and dining country. Minc Apartments are one and two sleeping room executive flats in Boardwalk Place, London. This hotel in Zone 2 has 11 suites with sophisticated trappingss, modern kitchen and on site car-parking installation. Marlin Apartments are serviced flats in Byng Street, London. Centrally situated hotel in Canary Wharf makes it a popular hotel. This hotel in East London offers 81 self-serviced flats with epicurean trappingss, broadband cyberspace entree and under floor warming installation. Economic And Mid-Range Hotels Near Canary Wharf Tube Station, London Canary Centre by BridgeStreet Worldwide is a serviced flat in Cassidys Road, London. This hotel in Zone 2 has 100 fashionable sleeping rooms. Large populating country, response, kitchen and dining country makes this a popular hotel near Canary Wharf tubing station. City Stay hotel is a 2-star hotel in Bow Road, London. Offering 17 en-suite adjustments at low-cost monetary values makes this hotel in Zone 2, a often visited one. This hotel near Canary Wharf station offers Continental breakfast at A ; lb ; 4 A ; lb ; 5 per twenty-four hours. De Vere Venues Devonport House is a hotel in King William Walk, London. A unusually beautiful hotel in Zone 2, it is faultless for its magnificence. This hotel near Canary Wharf tubing station offers first-class conferencing, preparation and meeting installations inclusive of free auto parking and internet entree. Basic Budget Hotels Near Canary Wharf Tube Station, London Hour Glass Hotel is a budget hotel in Beaconsfield Road, London. This hotel near Canary Wharf station provides 8 comfy suites in a homely atmosphere. A modern kitchen and shared bathroom installation is available in this hotel in Central London. A ; lb ; 35- A ; lb ; 45 is the approximative monetary value charged by this hotel near Canary Wharf. City Inn Express is a budget hotel in A Mare Street, London. This hotel near the East End Markets offers 22 clean and furnished suites at A ; lb ; 45/night. The Uplands is a little hotel in Crystal Palace Road, London. There are 5 comfy suites in this hotel near the London Eye. The suites are cheap at A ; lb ; 40/night in this hotel near the Canary Wharf Station. It is estimated that more than 40 million people pass the Canary Wharf station, every twelvemonth. The countries around Canary Wharf have become flush. Therefore, Canary Wharf is the strongest symbol of the alteration in economic geographics of the UK. With over 200 dress shops, hotels, stores and eating houses Canary Wharf is a judicious mix of manner, nutrient and concern. The Canary Wharf Tower is a tall and pyramid shaped edifice that light up the Docklands skyline at dark. Some of the popular eating houses are: Itsu, a Nipponese Sushi saloon on Cabot Place East, Chilli s Grill and Bar helping Mexican and American culinary art, Carluccio s for Italian. The favorite saloon articulations are The Slug and Lettuce, All Bar One, Play on Sports and Bar on Fisherman s Walk. Brodie s offers reviewing summer drinks, unrecorded music and a comprehensive bill of fare. Half Moon Young People s, Unicorn and Greenwich are the theaters environing the Canary Wharf station. Business, Fashion, Food and Leisure is the life style of the flush from Canary Wharf.

How to Make Negative Sentences in French

How to Make Negative Sentences in French Making sentences negative in French is a bit more complicated than in English. This summary of the different kinds of negation and negation-related grammatical structures should help clear up some of the confusion. The title of each negation category links to a detailed lesson with examples of usage and a quiz. (Dont) just say nonNo, not a chance, I dont think so, and more. nonpas question ! Negative adverbsNegate or restrict the action of the verb they modify. ne... pasne... jamais Negative adjectivesNegate or cast doubt on a quality of the noun they modify. ne... nulne... aucun Negative pronounsNegate or cast doubt on the existence of the noun they replace. ne... rienne... personne Negative conjunctionTheres only one: ne... ni... ni... Negative questionsTheres a special French word to respond yes when someone else says no.lt;br - Non.- Si ! Negating infinitives2-part negative structures stay together in front of infinitives. Ne pas toucher.Ne jamais fermer. Nimporte... expressionsDesignate an unspecified person, thing, or characteristic. nimporte quinimporte quel... PasNegate a non-verbal structure. pas beaucouppas souvent Double negativesTwo negatives dont make a positive in French. Ce nest pas rien.Je nai jamais vu personne. Formal negationThere are three negative structures particular to formal French. ne... pointavant quil ne... Informal negationNe is often dropped in spoken French. Je sais pas.Bouge pas !

Intel Computers essays

Intel Computers essays There is a company down in Silicon Valley that seems to think it needs to produce more and more CPUs to push to the public to buy them when they are not needed. Intel has to market things but when they push so much for things that arent necessary such as a newer version of the one before. The company is called Intel and they have a very fast growing market that they like to have control of. Two weeks after you buy one of their products they want you to think its obsolete and not worth any thing anymore and that you need to go buy the newest and the best once again. They make a variety of chips such as the Celleron, Pentium (II,III), Xeon, and a few others. The Celleron processor has its benefits in the computer age today. It is cheaper and more cost effective than the other ones out there by Intel. Mainly home users who cant afford the top of the line systems out for purchase use the Celleron version. The Celleron tends to come in systems valued less than Fifteen Hundred Dollars. The bus speed included is 66Mhz which is slightly slower than the new 100mhz with the Pentium II 350 and above. The Celleron can be used for word processing and some games with out 3dfx acceleration. If you are looking to upgrade than this would not be something your family should be interested in. If you are a serious gamer and edit video then you should go purchase a Pentium II,III system. The Pentium systems are the most widely used and operated home and business computer used today. There is no difference in the Pentium II, or III until you reach over 550 mhz which over that clock speed allows the new 133Mhz buss speed. Currently the bus speed is 100Mhz. However if that is not important to you then you might want to go the Celeron direction. The Xeon processor is mailny used for servers and supercomputers. The average Joe could not afford the this chip as the newest models are as expensive as 2,000 brand new for a 500M...

California Water Pricing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

California Water Pricing - Essay Example Under marginal cost pricing, subsidies are withdrawn and the cost of supply of water is raised to match its full marginal cost. This will cause the demand for water among the farmers and other selected sectors to reduce considerably. This, in turn, creates an excess supply of water that the district supplier can distribute. Multiple water users are likely to pay a higher price for the extra water than the marginal cost, reflecting scarcity conditions in a relatively supply-constrained water market. Thus there will be excess demand as the market price will be much higher than the marginal cost at which it is being priced. There is better efficiency in allocation as the supply is routed to users whose value of the resource matches the marginal costs incurred in its supply. The question of distribution of the excess supply of water is to be debated next. Marginal cost pricing plus auctioning excess demand: One method of distribution would be auctioning off the excess supply of water. In this scenario, farmers buy their existing allocation of water at the marginal cost and are allowed an option of buying extra water, which is beyond their original allocation, in a competitive bid. The excess water, in this case, will be redistributed to the highest bidder. Full water marketing: The other option available is full water marketing. In this case, water will be traded freely at the market and price will be determined by the forces of demand and supply. Water as a resource is scarce in its existing quantity and hence supply will remain inelastic. Therefore the price of water will be higher than the marginal cost, the demand will drop and this will lead to more excess water supply for redistribution than the previous scenario. Full marketing will thus yield greater efficiency gains than the options discussed above. The excess water can be redistributed either by auctioning rights or by granting rights by charging the users the marginal cost and allowing for resale of these rights in the open market.

Solar energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Solar energy - Essay Example The index varies from one hundred and twenty to one hundred and forty for homes that are old. Adopting a zero energy technology in a home is possible based on an occupant’s preferred performance efficiency. Using technical support, the use installing a zero home energy is possible. Installing an efficient zero energy system is possible with the setting up of solar thermal systems in homes to help enhance the save on other energy sources in the home. The efficiency of the system should be thirty of less than thirty. The use of energy from the utility grid should be minimal. The estimated cost of setting up a photovoltaic or PV system in Bellevue Washington, zip code 98007, which would produce enough solar energy, would be as calculated. The assumption is that the monthly cost of electricity bill is two hundred dollars. There is a good solar rating to set up the system in the area. The estimate cost of the installation of the system is twenty-six thousand dollars. It would take twenty-five years to recover the cost of the utility

Risk Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Plan - Essay Example Integrated marketing communication is an important part of every marketing activity before the event which helps organizers to achieve high response rate and popularity. The second risk is that the first deadline is due one week before the golf tournament, so there will be no time left for changes and improvements (the leaflets, ads, etc. are printed, and all arrangements are made). The third negative factor is that the same three persons are involved 100% in the final preparation, so neither of them will be able to make possible changes and help with new promotion opportunity. If Betty is involved in both activities, she could not objectively define the threats and drawbacks of the new advertising campaign. When morale is low, and feelings of frustration or alienation are found to exist, it is important that positive action is taken to remedy the causes. The sixth risk is that the staff can resist strongly changes in adverting campaign. They would be frustrated because the company d oes not appreciate their efforts and time spent on 'the old adverting plan". 1. The best solution for the first risk is to implement adverting campaign before the gold tournament according to the previous schedule. The new promotional opportunity an be added to the previous plan. It will not take much time and efforts of employees and ensure that the company will reach the main target audience. Senior management needs to develop a broad strategic vision, which calls for redesigned business processes (Campbell, 1997). 2. To meet the first deadline and avoid changes, it is important to consult the responsible persons during the preparation process. Also, it is possible to develop a rough plan if the primary plan would not work well. In order to leverage change, the manager can identify primary and secondary activities. Primary change activities are most directly related to the project. Primary change activities will include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service. The other group is support activities which will not have a direct impact on the project. It will help to avoid uncertainty and haste. 3. It would be possible to appoint the forth person in order to solve secondary problems of the plan. The project manager should identify a few core processes to be redesigned, focusing on those with the greatest potential payback. Symptoms of inefficient processes include excessive data redundancy and reentering information, too much time spent handling exceptions and special cases, or too much time spent on corrections and rework. The analysis should identify what organizational group owns the process, what organizational functions or departments are involved in the process, and what changes are required. The methods for identifying organizational information requirements described earlier in this chapter may be useful here. 4. Before the changes are made, the project manager should inform Betty about recent changes and ask her opinion about additional duties. Also, the company could pay her for additional hours, and

Metaphysics and Mysticism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Metaphysics and Mysticism - Term Paper Example Various sections would analyze both the positions and stances. All relevant detailed philosophies and theories would also be considered. The main stance of the paper is a defense of the mysticism argument, not a critic of it. Analysis of the Controversial Views regarding Correlation between Metaphysics and Mysticism Every man and woman that has the desire to understand and know beyond the accepted limitations of physical reality is attracted to the unknown, and by this attraction, be pushed to learn what many do not and wish not. Everything that exists, whether inanimate or not, is connected with an energy binding all things together; to understand this, is to understand the basic principles of Metaphysics. Metaphysics encircles everything that we can perceive through our five senses. Metaphysical belief pushes beyond what is taught in the church or in the Bible, even. It allows one to go outside and sit with the rest of everything that has been created without the hands of man, that is still pure, and be able to feel what it's like to be the grass and the soil. Metaphysics is a way of life to many, and it is taught without teachers. These pages will contain a very brief introduction and explanation of metaphysics and several of its branches of ideas and philosophies. Some scholars believe that Aristotle's "Metaphysics" is only the follow-up or sequel to his extremely well renowned "Physics"; Meaning that Aristotle did not pioneer the spirituality that is now an important part in today's Metaphysics. "All men by nature, desire to know. An indication of this is the delight in our senses; for even apart from their usefulness, they are loved for themselves; and above all others, the sense of sight (Aristotle, 1977)." The first line of Aristotle's "Metaphysics" immediately shows his recognition that the typical five senses perceived by every capable human, are used only in the idea that they are the only way to perceive. Aristotle also states that "All men desire t o know." (Aristotle, 1977), allowing the argument that his thoughts were going toward that of which we cannot know from the five senses that we are born aware of. The argument as to Aristotle's beliefs in the subject can go either way because of an extremely important factor. So one may interpret Aristotle's work as one wishes, it was still his ideas that laid down the essential framework to get the Metaphysical idea moving. Discussion In order for anybody to be able to understand the following ideas and theories, one should take time to put themselves in an open-minded and relaxed state. Once you have entered this state, you will be able to comprehend and understand to the fullest of your capabilities. Relaxation is the ultimate medium for learning, and by being in control of your stress, you can be relaxed whenever you feel the need to, allowing quicker learning and easier understanding. Now things are going to get a little complicated and may begin to get confusing. First of all, there are three divisions of the mind; the conscious, subconscious, and superconscious. (Furse, 1977) These three divisions of the mind control the way we perceive and interact with others, ourselves, and our environment in general. We use these states of consciousness, sometimes entirely unaware of it, for different purposes

Policing and Penal Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Policing and Penal Services - Essay Example Although this may sound an ideal way to deal with criminals, the ground realities are quite different from the expected results. As no solution is perfect and without flaws, the same goes with this problem of handling criminal behaviour and controlling uncivil citizens, thus increasing problems inside the prisons and penitentiaries. Imprisonment and jailing has been an effective way to protect the society from corrupt people and individuals with criminal tendencies (Baker, 2002). Prisons hold a complete new world inside them as the most dangerous people from all over the country or province/state are collected in a single space, the chances of different mishaps and unwanted happenings are increased a hundred fold (Baker, 2002). Therefore, the prison service or probation service should be capable of handling such situations. Furthermore, the prison service should competent enough to prevent any incidents from happening at all. Containing any undesirable situations, preventing jailbrea ks, controlling prisoner riots, thwarting murder attempts and violent attacks, halting drug trafficking, preventing any sexual harassment or assaults and frustrating any prison gangs from causing any harms are the primary tasks of a prison service. Further duties include the training of convicts to become a better citizen of society, provide them with adult education (if required), providing proper healthcare without any discrimination of race, class, colour, religion or creed and building the capacity of inmates to integrate with the society after they have completed their sentence (Great Britain Home Office, 1979). Education can be used for rehabilitation of prisoners. It is important to make them stand back on their feet and help them become a productive member of the society. Prisons serve this essential function in the society as well. This essay will attempt to shed a light on the present prison services, their current state, the methodologies which are used, and their compete ncy and provide further alternatives and recommendations to increase their performance and capabilities. It will also comment on education and how it can play a role in rehabilitation of prisoners. Theory behind Imprisonment: Bjerregaard and Lizotte (1995) concluded that there are actually four theories that formed the idea of incarcerating certain citizens. These can be listed as under: Punishment Deter Specifically Deter Generally Rehabilitation. Punishment: This is a very basic idea which follows the concept of punishing an individual for his/her wrong doing and preventing him/her from repeating the crime. Deter Specifically: Also known as incapacitation, the idea behind specific deterrence is to remove the criminal individual from the society, relying simply on the idea that if such a person would not be a part of the society, his/her criminal actions would not affect the society in any way whatsoever and population in general will stay safe (Cao, Zhao, & Van Dine, 1997). Deter Generally: This involves making someone an example for a serious crimes (Carlson, 2001). For instance, if there is death penalty for intentional homicide, then lesser people will do any such act. This idea has given way to many harsh punishments such as life imprisonments and capital punishments. Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation involves guiding the offenders and making them better citizens of the society (Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). They are given education and awareness about being a productive member of the community and participating in building the society instead of tearing it down. Although this is the most productive

National Institute of Justice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Institute of Justice - Research Paper Example One such innovation is the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Geographical Information systems are computer programs important to capture data requisite in the criminal justice system (2009). This expose elucidates the role of NIJ in the (MAPS) program, and the importance of the program to help reduce crime and improve public safety. With the introduction of GIS, computerized crimes maps have become a commonplace in fighting crimes in the contemporary society. Using data from the police on crimes and the geographical area of certain crimes, analysts are able to map where crimes occur. In addition, analysts analyze the reasons why the crimes occurred and effectively finding various ways of to respond to the crimes (NIJ, 2009). In this regard, these computerized crimes maps combine a geographical and social aspect in analyzing crimes. In effect, the analysis of crimes becomes crucial to the security authorities. Using funds from the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 1996, the National Institute of Justice created the Crime Mapping Research Center (CMRC) in 1997 (NIJ, 2009). The center’s fundamental responsibility was to determine the department of police’s use of analysis in policing. Consequently, the center developed programs meant to train and enhance the ability of police to utilize spatial maps and sets of data in combating crime (NIJ, 2009). In effect, this step marked the beginning of the program by NIJ since CMRC subsequently evolved into the Mapping and Analysis for Public Safety (MAPS) program in 2002, which funds research that uses GIS technology (NIJ, 2009). According to NIJ (2009), the role of NIJ in the MAPS program is to support research, which is important to help security agencies to enhance public safety. On a broader perspective, this program examines four fundamental aspects. The first of these

Metaphysics and Mysticism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Metaphysics and Mysticism - Term Paper Example Various sections would analyze both the positions and stances. All relevant detailed philosophies and theories would also be considered. The main stance of the paper is a defense of the mysticism argument, not a critic of it. Analysis of the Controversial Views regarding Correlation between Metaphysics and Mysticism Every man and woman that has the desire to understand and know beyond the accepted limitations of physical reality is attracted to the unknown, and by this attraction, be pushed to learn what many do not and wish not. Everything that exists, whether inanimate or not, is connected with an energy binding all things together; to understand this, is to understand the basic principles of Metaphysics. Metaphysics encircles everything that we can perceive through our five senses. Metaphysical belief pushes beyond what is taught in the church or in the Bible, even. It allows one to go outside and sit with the rest of everything that has been created without the hands of man, that is still pure, and be able to feel what it's like to be the grass and the soil. Metaphysics is a way of life to many, and it is taught without teachers. These pages will contain a very brief introduction and explanation of metaphysics and several of its branches of ideas and philosophies. Some scholars believe that Aristotle's "Metaphysics" is only the follow-up or sequel to his extremely well renowned "Physics"; Meaning that Aristotle did not pioneer the spirituality that is now an important part in today's Metaphysics. "All men by nature, desire to know. An indication of this is the delight in our senses; for even apart from their usefulness, they are loved for themselves; and above all others, the sense of sight (Aristotle, 1977)." The first line of Aristotle's "Metaphysics" immediately shows his recognition that the typical five senses perceived by every capable human, are used only in the idea that they are the only way to perceive. Aristotle also states that "All men desire t o know." (Aristotle, 1977), allowing the argument that his thoughts were going toward that of which we cannot know from the five senses that we are born aware of. The argument as to Aristotle's beliefs in the subject can go either way because of an extremely important factor. So one may interpret Aristotle's work as one wishes, it was still his ideas that laid down the essential framework to get the Metaphysical idea moving. Discussion In order for anybody to be able to understand the following ideas and theories, one should take time to put themselves in an open-minded and relaxed state. Once you have entered this state, you will be able to comprehend and understand to the fullest of your capabilities. Relaxation is the ultimate medium for learning, and by being in control of your stress, you can be relaxed whenever you feel the need to, allowing quicker learning and easier understanding. Now things are going to get a little complicated and may begin to get confusing. First of all, there are three divisions of the mind; the conscious, subconscious, and superconscious. (Furse, 1977) These three divisions of the mind control the way we perceive and interact with others, ourselves, and our environment in general. We use these states of consciousness, sometimes entirely unaware of it, for different purposes

National Institute of Justice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Institute of Justice - Research Paper Example One such innovation is the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Geographical Information systems are computer programs important to capture data requisite in the criminal justice system (2009). This expose elucidates the role of NIJ in the (MAPS) program, and the importance of the program to help reduce crime and improve public safety. With the introduction of GIS, computerized crimes maps have become a commonplace in fighting crimes in the contemporary society. Using data from the police on crimes and the geographical area of certain crimes, analysts are able to map where crimes occur. In addition, analysts analyze the reasons why the crimes occurred and effectively finding various ways of to respond to the crimes (NIJ, 2009). In this regard, these computerized crimes maps combine a geographical and social aspect in analyzing crimes. In effect, the analysis of crimes becomes crucial to the security authorities. Using funds from the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 1996, the National Institute of Justice created the Crime Mapping Research Center (CMRC) in 1997 (NIJ, 2009). The center’s fundamental responsibility was to determine the department of police’s use of analysis in policing. Consequently, the center developed programs meant to train and enhance the ability of police to utilize spatial maps and sets of data in combating crime (NIJ, 2009). In effect, this step marked the beginning of the program by NIJ since CMRC subsequently evolved into the Mapping and Analysis for Public Safety (MAPS) program in 2002, which funds research that uses GIS technology (NIJ, 2009). According to NIJ (2009), the role of NIJ in the MAPS program is to support research, which is important to help security agencies to enhance public safety. On a broader perspective, this program examines four fundamental aspects. The first of these

Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Health and Social Care Essay Introduction The aim of this essay is to review and learn about the perspectives of health and well-being, perspective measures and job roles, factors affecting health and well being, and to do a health promotion campaign. To do this we will look in books and on the internet to research each of these then once we have a good knowledge of them we will produce a campaign to teach to people on a health promotion topic. Defining Health I am doing first part of the essay on health and how people define it. To do this I will be handing out questionnaires and looking through my class notes and reviewing them. There are many definitions of health, but the way you define it depends on the person e.g. â€Å"Being without illness.† this means to have no illnesses or diseases, â€Å"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.† this statement is trying to say you don’t just have to have an illness to be unwell it also depends on your social and mental state, and how you feel about yourself (W.H.O. 1948), â€Å"Just being happy.† this statement is just saying your healthy if your happy with yourself and your life, â€Å"Health is the extent to which an individual I wear skirts or group is able, on the one hand to realise aspiration and needs; and on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. Health is therefore seen as a resource for everyday life, not the object of living. It is positive concept emphasing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities.† (W. H.O. 1986) etc. (All of these are from class notes) However these views have a negative and positive point side to them such as â€Å"Being without illness† which is negative, because it’s just saying, if you not injured or you don’t have and illness your in good health, but it also depends on a persons state of mind, and how the truly feel about themselves also this is a bit to straight forward, and in considerate of all the other aspects of health (PI.E.S.) because it just says it in a more scientific way (bio-medical – see the body as a machine). Another view on health is â€Å"Being fit. Being the correct weight and height for your age. Feeling well in your self† (Appendix 2) these is a positive and negative view on health because it sees the fact that you can be unhealthy but still be happy and feel good. Bio-medial Model of Health This model of health dominates all other models of health. The Bio-medical or scientific model of health is when you see the body as a machine, so if it’s broken it can be fixed by repairing the damaged part e.g. Car Person Car wont start Person feels ill Call garage Go to G.P. Service Examination Diagnosis Diagnosis Mended Treatment offered Car runs Feeling better (Health and social care ocr: a. fisher etc.: p 78) This form of health doesn’t focus on the mind or the social circumstance; it focuses on understanding how a disease works or how the person can be cured. An example of some one using this form of health care is when a doctor and other qualified people decide on a treatment or diagnosis for a patient, e.g. looking at medical tests and notes to reach a diagnosis. Also there can be a few disadvantages to this model of health e.g. it’s not as suitable for people with long term illnesses or people with disabilities because they can not always be cured, and this form of treatment can be quite intrusive because of tests etc., so some people may not like it and it may make them feel uncomfortable. Another disadvantage is that because it doesn’t look at the social aspects of the patient’s life they may not find the origin of the problem, so the person could become ill again. Social Model of Health This form of health is more about the origins of health in a social situation such as housing, social groups etc., and understanding where the problem started and finding a better way to test the situation for example cleaning the house for dust so it doesn’t aggravate a person’s asthma. Also due to this health model the mortality has dramatically decreased during the 20th century, because people have found the original source of the problem and done something about it and they did it so you can increase a person’s quality of life and decrease illness. However there are disadvantages to this medical model because finding and solving the problems can be hard and it ignores the biomedical model of health. Government Initiative Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation For my health promotion campaign I’m doing smoking so this government initiative links into it. The aim of this government initiative is to improve everyone’s health, and the people who are severally affected in particular. By 2010 they want to †¢ Reduce the death rate from cancer in people under the age of 75 by at least 1/5 †¢ Reduce the death rate from coronary heart disease, stroke and other related illnesses in people under the age of 75 by at least 2/5 †¢ Reduce the death rate from accidents by at least 1/5 and to reduce the rate of serious injury from accidents by at least 1/10 †¢ Reduce the death rate from suicide and undetermined injury by at least 1/5 (Class notes) Due to these things the government brought in some measures to help deal with these problems which are tackling smoking which is one of the biggest causes of ill health along with alcohol, also to tackle sexual health, drugs, food safety, water fluoridation, and communicable diseases, to put more money in the NHS, local authorities and the government focusing on improving health. (Appendix 1) Illness impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism. (http://uk.ask.com/reference/dictionary/wordnetuk/81070/illness) The Illness Wellness Continuum According to The Illness Wellness Continuum the less well you are the closer you are to premature death (as shown by the diagram above left = death right = high level of wellness). This also relates to the government initiative because the government wants to reduce mortality by reducing illness. Reviewing Questionnaires This is a graph to show the amount of people who took the questionnaire and are either service users or service providers. This graph shows the number of men and women who took the questionnaire, and as you can see the main amount of people who took the questionnaire were women. Stop Smoking Advisor The Stop Smoking Advisor works with patients in the community, to provide stop smoking support, treatment and advice set by local and national standards. A Smoking Advisor works with the Stop Smoking Specialists to give one-to-one and group support so their work means they have to travel all around the country to many different places such as health centres, hospitals, community buildings, working men’s clubs, Sure Start buildings etc. To give support and inform people about the dangers of smoking they may do a presentation or bring in videos for people to watch such as the NHS (National Health Service) smoking adverts on T.V., also the advisor may bring in graphic pictures to shock people and make them understand what they’re doing to their bodies’ e.g. The responsibilities and skills needed to be a smoking advisor are as follows: (http://www.jobs.nhs.uk/cgi-bin/vacdetails.cgi?search_db_no=2selection=911717227vn=2) Health Visitor Health visitors are registered nurses or midwives who work to promote good health, and prevent illness in the community. But spend most of their day visiting people in their homes and helping with tasks. Health visitors work with many different people in the community such as the elderly, disabled, and the long-term sick, and offers them support and advice to help people overcome their disabilities. Health visitors have many duties they need to do: †¢ Advising the elderly on health issues – telling people about proper care needed to maintain equipment e.g. catheter care. †¢ Advising new mothers on issues such as hygiene, safety, feeding and sleeping this is because a new mother may not no about all the responsibilities that come with a child so the will need to be informed. †¢ Counselling people on issues such as post-natal depression, bereavement, or being diagnosed HIV positive. †¢ Co-ordinating child immunisation programmes. †¢ Organising special clinics or drop-in centres. (http://www.learndirect-advice.co.uk/helpwithyourcareer/jobprofiles/profiles/profile429/) To be a health visitor, you should be able to do all these things: †¢ Be able to get on well with all sorts of people – this is because they work with a wind range of people in all different circumstances. †¢ Be interested in and aware of health and social issues –this is so they can communicate with all different sorts of people and be aware of any issues that need addressing. †¢ Have very good communication and listening skills – this is so the patient can trust the health visitor and in turn give better care. †¢ Be patient and persuasive – this is because it may be hard for people to do certain things or they may have learning difficulties which may hinder their care. †¢ Be able to understand body language and other non-verbal communication – this is so you can make the best of a situation by interpreting it. Also it may improve communication. †¢ Be responsible and be good time management – this is also to improve the relation ship between patients and the health visitor because if there late the patient may feel they are not wanted of no one has time for them. †¢ Be able to work on your own – this is because a health visitor mainly works on their own in homes so you need to be independent. †¢ Be mature and be able to deal with distressing issues. Training As a qualified nurse or midwife it is necessary to take a degree or postgraduate course in public health nursing/health visiting if you wish to become a health visitor. Courses last one year full-time or two years part-time and are available at colleges and universities throughout the UK. Courses use both the theoretical (studying subjects such as community practice and public health, counselling and social policy), and practical placements supervised by an experienced health visitor. Qualified health visitors are expected to keep their skills up to date through continuous development. A health visitor also runs immunisation programmes set by the local government initiative i.e. in certain areas different illnesses may be more prominent so they will have different vaccines to immunise them. Factors That Affect Health Factors that affect health can be this such as eating habits, exercise, life style, attitudes and prejudices’, income, physical factors, environment etc. but there are many different views that go along with them, so to see if these descriptions meet with what normal civilians think are right (compared to professionals) I am going to do two interviews with two different people and see if there social factors and financial factors go along with these professional descriptions. Financial Factors Income factors are probably one of the main problems with trying to get good health care, this is when you do not earn enough money to get the things you need to survive and be well. If you do not have enough money to get adequate health care you may become unwell, also if you are unable to afford things such as health food, housing, etc. it could increase your chances of getting ill. Also this may lead to the life changes or factors that affect your health, because you are unable to get what you want and need. Social Factors Social factors or social class are tied in with income because what group you’re in depends on how much you earn. Social circumstances contribute a lot to a person’s health because usually if you’re higher up the socio-economic ladder you will have more money and be able to afford better health care. These social factors also relate to family and culture. †¢ Family – how many people in your family, how they affect your life etc. †¢ Culture – how people live their lives such as following religions (for example Jehovah’s witnesses don’t allow blood transfusions) etc. Poor social and economic circumstances affect health and well being all the way through life. People further down the social ladder are usually twice as likely to be at risk of serious illness and premature death. (Appendix 15) Also in certain classes things such as smoking or binge drinking can be more usual than in other classes. For example: †¢ Children in a lower group are five times more likely to die from an accident, than those in a higher group. †¢ People in class five are three times more likely to have a stroke than someone in class one. †¢ Infant mortality is higher in the lower groups. And all this is mainly because they cannot afford better health care and housing, healthier food etc. (N, Moonie: p138) Life Style People see Life style a choice you make such as drinking sensibly or the practice of safe sex. However, it can be more complicated than that e.g. if you have a low income it may be harder for you to eat healthier than those people who can afford a healthier life style. This is because trying to live a healthy life style is expensive, especially health food because it takes longer to prepare, also if you don’t have a local store that sales heath food i.e. organic things with no preservatives it can be hard. Also due to many other factors such as up bringing, social factors etc. it may be hard to lead a healthy life according to the government views, because doing all the things you may need to do to keep healthy can be expensive so some people may not be able to afford it, also it can be hard to change you ways and if your set in a unhealthy routine you will only get more unwell. A recent survey says 46% of people agreed that there are too many factors out side a single person’s health. (N, Moonie: p123) Attitudes and Prejudices This relates to the preconceived ideal people have about each other and how they act around different people. Environment Factors Your environment is all the things around you that affect your health such as housing e.g. if your child has asthma and you have a dusty house it may aggravate the condition and make the child unwell. Physical Factors This factor is al about you physical state i.e. healthy according to the government guidelines and whether you have any physical disabilities. If you have a disability it may restrict you from accessing all the services you need. Regular strenuous physical activity has a protective effect for heart disease and stroke, builds bone mass, improves posture and helps control body weight. Physical activity can also improve mental health and well-being. (All of these factors are from N, Moonie: p131-145) Interviews First of all I chose two factors that affect health, which were financial factors and social factors, next I came up with eight questions (five on finance and three on social factors see Appendix 12). After creating the interview I arranged a time with two people and asked them my questions. I started both interviews by saying â€Å"all the information I get will remain confidential and it will only be used in my course work†. Financial factors: 1. Does income affect how you want to live your life? Both the people I interviewed believed they don’t always have enough money to live the life they want but for two separate reasons the first person said â€Å"my wages are not rising with rate of inflation† so this person doesn’t believe they earn enough with the cost of things in this country i.e. things cost more because of inflation. The second person said â€Å"some times I don’t have enough money to do the things I want e.g. go away on holiday with my friends. But I am unemployed at the moment so that doesn’t help† so the reason this person cannot afford the life style they want is because they are unemployed and are currently out of money. 2. Or how does your life affect your income? Both the people say their social lives and bills are too expensive so they don’t always have the amount of money they want. 3. What things do you feel you are unable to access due to your income? Person 1 – this person doesn’t believe they can access holidays etc. so in other words time to relax and get away. Person 2 – this person believes that they are unable to socialise some times because of their income and this is a major part of their life. 4. What things do you feel you are able to access due to your income? Both people feel they are able to access all the important and necessary things and the stuff they want to do for themselves. 5. Do you think your income affects your health in any way? Both believe that there income doesn’t affect their life in any major way. Social Factors: 6. Do you follow your friend’s example i.e. peer pressure? Person 1 – this person does the things they want to do when they want to do them and doesn’t follow their friend’s example. Person 2 – this person says â€Å"Yes, but not peer pressure† so they follow what their friends do but they don’t believe there being forced or persuaded to do something they don’t want to do. 7. Is your family a positive or negative affect on your life and health? Person 1 – this person thinks that their family are a positive affect on their life. Person 2 – person 2 thinks â€Å"Yes and no because my family are just annoying and stress me out, but the support me when I need it†. Like in most families some things get on each others nerves but when you really need them they are there for you. 8. Does your social class affect your life style or health? Person 1 – they think there social class doesn’t affect their life in any way. Person 2 – they think that it does because if they were higher up the ladder they would have more money and be able to do more of the things they want and need. In conclusion my primary research (the interviews) show that the definitions of the two factors I chose are correct and they say the same as the interviewees but in more detail. My definition gathered from research in books etc. â€Å"this is when you do not earn enough money to get the things you need to survive and be well. If you do not have enough money to get adequate health care you may become unwell† this is basically the same as what the interviewees said i.e. â€Å"Both the people say their social lives and bills are too expensive so they don’t always have the amount of money they want† so in other words both the definition and people say they don’t all ways have enough money do the things they like or access all the things they need. Plan (Appendix 19) Aims and Objectives In a group of three, me and the other people in my group did a presentation to a thirty-seven different people aged 15 18 in ten different groups about the dangers of smoking. At the beginning and end of each group we gave them a questionnaire to test their knowledge before and after and we took 12 samples of each from different groups to test if they had learnt anything. We found out that before they only had a basic knowledge about smoking and after they had a more extensive knowledge and knew about smoking and its dangers in better detail. We knew this because we looked at the sample of questionnaires and saw how in much more detail they answered the questions. So we must have had an impact on their knowledge and views. However, we didn’t change some people views on smoking because they were slightly arrogant and just believed their life was their life. Aims: To produce a presentation to inform people about the dangers of smoking and inform people on ways they can quit e.g. NHS help line. Objectives: †¢ To know what’s offered by the NHS to help quit. †¢ By the end they should be able to identify the 3 main diseases caused by smoking and some substances in a cigarette. †¢ Raise awareness that smoking kills. Key Tasks/Activities: To produce: †¢ Make and collect in before and after questionnaires about smoking. †¢ Take part in talking to the people at the presentation. †¢ Posters and leaflets. †¢ Handouts with second hand smoke, dangers etc †¢ Power point presentation with the main major facts about smoking such as second hand smoke, the dangers of smoking, withdrawal symptoms etc. also videos showing the dangers of smoking e.g. NHS adverts from T.V. and shocking things about smoking Results: What do you hope will change as a result of your activities? To help people understand the dangers of smoking and hope they change their behaviour as a result of the presentation. Measures: How will you measure if the described change is occurring? Has occurred? To measure my presentation and see if the desired results have happened I will look at the before and after questionnaires and see if there knowledge has improved. Evaluation Skills: Communication skills I think my communication skills were quite good as I took it in turns with the people in my group to talk to people however one of the other people in the group spoke a lot more than the rest. Also because I was working the power point presentation there was a barrier between us all, so people may not have opened up as much and spoken as much as they might have if it wasn’t there. Team Work and Work Load Yes I believe the work load and team fork was shared fairly. Also I think it was appropriate for the people in the group. Resources used We used quite a lot of resources such as books like Moonie and the NHS booklets also I’ve been on the NHS web site and looked at the stop smoking advice they give. Activities used The activities we used to show people about the dangers of smoking are handouts a PowerPoint presentation with videos and a large poster with lots of information on. Also during the presentation we had small discussions about the material and answered any question the people had. The Environment We did the presentation in a classroom with the others in our class but there was three different groups doing different things. One of the other groups had a loud video, which sometimes overpowered what we were doing and was a distraction. Also we had 2 change rooms at the start because the room was needed for a test by another class, so we had to move all the equipment and reorganise the set out. Health and Safety The only health and social issues I think there were was the electricity we had to use to power every thing however there were floor plugs with caps on and we weren’t messing about with anything. Also all the cables were hidden out the way so no one could trip over them. Were the Aims and Objectivities Achieved? Yes all the aims and objectives were achieved because we saw from the questionnaires that their knowledge improved and they knew the main diseases and more substances in a cigarette. Also we produced an interesting presentation. For example of questionnaires and to see if the people’s knowledge improved see (Appendix 17 and 18) Would You Do Anything Differently Next Time? If I were doing the presentation again I would use a separate room so there were no interruptions, and I would try and be more involved and speak more. Conclusion In conclusion there are many things that contribute to people health such as life style, attitudes and prejudices etc. and they affect different people in different ways. This is why we looked at them in detail first because if we didn’t fully understand all the things that affect health, we wouldn’t have been able to do an affective campaign.

Fragrance Store Business Plan

Fragrance Store Business Plan Business Name: FRAGRANCES Company Summary Fragrances is a new natural and herbal cosmetics company proposing to set up a signature herbal cosmetics store in Central London. The store will deal in herbal cosmetics including perfumes. The company has been setup by a team of three members who have years of experience in understanding and managing cosmetics business, channel marketing and high-level sales. The promoters will initially fund the business themselves as they believe strongly in their product idea. Market research among over 1000 women in various age groups shows that there is a demand for such products. Sales projections for Fragrances are estimated be over  £1 million for the first year, with a decent net profit. The promoters feel that, by creating awareness of their products, many women will prefer to purchase their products for their own use, as will friends and family members. Objectives Create a niche market in herbal cosmetics industry Generate retail sales of over  £1,000,000 in year one. Maintain a gross margin of over 65%. Mission To give an unlimited opportunity to women of all ages to become beautiful naturally Keys to Success Fragrances will: Offer a unique line of herbal cosmetics that will take into account the differences in requirements of diverse age groups. Herbal cosmetic products are currently in demand today and are also available but there are no differences in cosmetics available for different age groups. Satisfy the demand of women who do not want to use cosmetics containing harmful chemicals Execute a targeted marketing campaign to generate awareness of the their products Fragrances will be a UK-based herbal cosmetics company offering its customers a series of unique herbal cosmetics including skincare products, hair care products and perfumes. There will a wide variety in these cosmetics and will take the differences in requirements of diverse age groups. The store will have two product experts who will help the customers choose the right products according to their ages and requirements. The company will reach out to customers through their own signature store as well as its website. In the future, the company will also explore the possibility of expanding to the entire UK by setting up a chain of such stores. Company Ownership Cosmetics industry in the UK is a growth industry dominated by a few key players. Fragrances needs to pool funding to be able to make its presence felt in the industry. It will be set up as a private limited company as the three promoters will pool in their funds and will form the core management team. As a private company it will be able to achieve its initial standing which would not have been possible as a sole proprietorship or partnership firm. Start-up Summary Start-up costs for Fragrances include legal costs, computer supplies, new product marketing, website design and regulatory costs for cosmetics[1]. Start-up assets are mostly dedicated to start-up stock. Start-up Expenses  £ Legal 1,000 Computer Supplies 1,250 Marketing 15,000 Web design 2,500 Regulatory 4,000 General Administration (including rent and salaries) 137,000 Total Start-up Expenses  £160,750 Start-up Assets Cash  £10,000 Start-up stock  £60,000 Other current assets 0 Fixed assets (Including fixtures)  £20000 Total assets  £90,000 Total Requirements for Expenses and assets 250,750 To start with, Fragrances will introduce its herbal range in skincare products perfumes. Skincare products These will include day creams, night creams, exfoliating creams, anti-wrinkle or anti-ageing creams. Within these there will be creams for specific age-groups and skin types. Perfumes Fragrances will start-off with a limited range of perfumes for the working women. In stage two, more variety will be introduced. Source: National Statistics, accessed from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=6 Market Segmentation The three main segments of the market who would buy herbal cosmetics are working executives, college and university students and ageing women. There will also be those who would shop for women, perhaps a husband, friend or a family member. Though the store will be in Central London it will cater to the needs of entire UK. Women living outside London will buy the cosmetics online through the company website. The absence of a store in small towns will not impact the sale as the product will be extremely effective and safe. The confidence will be based on additional expenditure on creating awareness about the products. As per the mid census estimates, the total women population in all age groups in UK is 30,730,300 (Source: NSO Statistics). In addition, statistics indicate that on an average 93% of total women in all age groups buy cosmetics. The potential market may be set at 28,579,179 (93% of total women). Based on the primary and secondary segments, the projected sales forecast is conservatively set at less then 1% of the total potential market (285,790), as highlighted in the following table and chart. Potential Customers Growth 2008 2009 2010 CAGR Working women 0% 142,895 142,895 142,895 0% Young girls 0% 107,171 107,171 107,171 0% Ageing women 0% 26,793 26,793 26,793 0% Others 0% 8,931 8,931 8,931 0% Total 0% 285,790 285,790 285,790 0% Product Elasticity: The product is a necessity and is not highly price elastic. Consumers are ready to pay a higher product if they become aware of the unique benefits from the product. Industry Analysis The UK cosmetics industry accounts for  £5 billion sales. (Source: Euromonitor – Consumer Europe 2002/3 – 18th Edition Pub. Euromonitor International Plc)) 93% of British women use cosmetics in some shape or form making us one of the highest users in Europe. (Source: Key Note Report – Cosmetics Fragrances A Market Sector Overview 10th Edition, Ed. By Eleanor Hughes) Convenience and benefits continue to be a key trend for British cosmetics consumers. Easy application and usage, as well as effectiveness, are the main requirements. Some of these products have a higher price positioning, but consumers appear willing to pay higher unit prices if products can offer genuine benefits in terms of saving time. Fragrances will be a small segment of the cosmetics industry. The market is dominated by major players. Significant shifts in overall value share in this sector have primarily been achieved through major mergers and acquisitions such as L’Orà ©al’s purchase of The Body Shop. Competition Analysis Natural and herbal cosmetic products is a growing sector with the presence of a few big players such as L’Orà ©al’, Bodyshop, Boots and Johnson and Johnson. It is becoming stronger in the UK and UK is now competing with other European countries for product launches. There has been a 170 per cent increase on launches from the comparable period in 2006. According to a recent Mintel report, the UK has seen the largest increase in herbal beauty products of any European country even in the first quarter of 2007. The country accounted for a mere five per cent of the 1600 organic cosmetics launched worldwide in 2006, which has now risen to 19 per cent of the 1053 products that have already been launched globally in 2007. In recent years there has been an explosion of activity as consumers have become more aware of the health benefits of using natural ingredients. Supermarkets have now begun to pick up on this trend, with leading chains such as Asda, Tesco and Waitrose all developing own brands to capitalise on the growing consumer demand for organic and ethical products. Our marketing strategy is to create product awareness among women using cosmetics by strategically placing Internet ads, using direct mailers and generating PR. Competitive Edge The present herbal cosmetic retailers carry a mainstream line of cosmetics that are appealing to the masses. Due to their mass distribution model, it would not be prudent for them to carry small amounts of specialty items for specific age groups. By positioning in the market as a specialty store, Fragrances is confident that word of mouth will help to create product awareness across UK. Fragrances unique selling proposition is that its products will be exclusive and customised for women in accordance with their age groups, skin types etc. Currently, no major cosmetic retailer and online stores offer such customised herbal cosmetics. The primary weakness of Fragrance will be to generate awareness about the cosmetics and highlight how these are different from the other products available in the market. To generate sales, there is a need to first create awareness about the existence of the product and make it easy for potential customers to locate the speciality store. However, it will not be difficult to establish its presence in the cosmetics industry. Marketing Strategy Fragrances marketing strategy is crucial to its success. The company will need to create awareness of its products through: Strategically-placed ads in women’s magazines and women related websites Direct mail and e-mail advertising to working women New product PR in publications for women Sales Strategy Sales are dependent upon creating awareness and generating excitement about the herbal cosmetics. The company will strategically place pop-up and banner ads on web-sites relevant to both women, use direct mail and e-mail lists and seek public relations coverage in relevant media sources. Fragrances will fulfil orders through its speciality store. It will also offer returning customers an option to place their orders on the company’s official website, or fax in orders to the company. E-orders: Customer can purchase online 24-hours a day, seven days a week. Fax orders: Customers can fax in an order 24-hours a day, seven days a week. Sales Forecast The sales forecast for First Year 2008 takes into account slower sales at the beginning as the company creates awareness of its product and website. Initially the company will be selling limited range of skincare products and perfumes. As the company grows, it will explore the demand for other types of customised products. The following table illustrates unit sales of 109,500 units for the first year. This would require the company to sell to less than 1% of its target market. FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 Unit Sales Units Sold 109,500 115,000 121,000 Average unit price  £ 10  £10  £10 Sales Revenue  £ 1,095,000  £1,150,000  £1,210,000 Direct Unit Costs  £3  £3  £3 Direct Cost of Sales  £ 328500  £345000 363000 Initially the company will be managed by its promoters. They will oversee product development, the online store, speciality store and marketing efforts. Outsourcing will be used on some initial tasks, specifically the website design and maintenance. Personnel Plan As the company’s launch date approaches, two product experts will be hired to help with the speciality store sales. As the company grows, more personnel will be added as needed. Personnel Plan FY 2008 (in  £) FY 2009 (in  £) FY 2010 (in  £) Management team for 3 Members  £45,000  £45,000  £45,000 2 Employees  £20,000  £21,000  £22,050 Total People 5 5 5 Total Payroll  £65,000  £66,000  £67,050 Fragrances project the gross margin to be healthy percent (70%). Sales projections for 2008 are at over  £1 million. Refer appendix for a projected profit loss account, projected cash-flow statement and projected balance sheet for the period 2008-2010. Start-up Funding The promoters of the company will use personal funds to finance the start of this business. The primary start-up costs are as follows: Start-up Expenses  £ Start up Funding Start up Expenses to fund 160,750 Start up Assets to fund 90,000 Total Funding Required 250,750 Assets Non-cash assets from start-up 80,000 Cash 10,000 Additional cash Raised 0 Cash Balance on Starting Date 10,000 Total Assets 90,000 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing 0 Fixed liabilities 0 Accounts payable 0 Other current liabilities 0 Total Liabilities 0 Capital Planned Investment Shareholders equity 250,750 Investor 0 Additional Investment Requirement 0 Total Planned Investment 250,750 Loss at Start-up (160,750) Total Capital 90,000 Total Liabilities and Capital 90,000 Break-even Analysis The following Break-even Analysis shows what is needed in monthly sales to break even. Break-even Analysis (Year 2008) Monthly units break-even 1,914 Monthly Revenue Break-even  £19,140 Assumptions: Average per-unit revenue  £10 Average per-unit variable cost  £3 Estimated monthly fixed cost  £13396 This Confidentiality Agreement (the â€Å"Agreement†) is by and between (hereinafter â€Å"Disclosing Party†) and the undersigned recipient of information. (hereinafter â€Å"Recipient†) Recipient and its Representatives shall not disclose any of the Confidential information in any manner whatsoever, except as provided under Permitted Disclosures. Recipient hereby agrees to indemnify Disclosing Party against any and all losses, damages, claims, expenses and legal fees incurred or suffered by Disclosing Party as a result of breach of this Agreement by Recipient or its Representatives Appendix A Projected Profit Loss 2008 ( £) 2009 ( £) 2010 ( £) Sales 1,095,000 1,150,000 1,210,000 Direct cost of goods 328,500 345,000 363,000 Other costs Cost of goods sold 328,500 345,000 363,000 Gross Margin 766,500 805,000 847,000 Gross Margin % 70% 70% 70% Total Operating Expenses 396,025 375,667 352,917 Profit Before Interest and Taxes 370,475 429,333 494,083 EBITDA 370,475 429,333 494,083 Interest Expense Taxes 148,190 171,733 197,633 Net Profit 222,285 257,600 296,450 Projected Cash Flow 2008 ( £) 2009 ( £) 2010 ( £) Cash Received Cash from Operations Cash sales 1,095,000 1,150,000 1,210,000 Subtotal cash from operations 1,095,000 1,150,000 1,210,000 Additional cash received VAT received 0 0 0 New current borrowing 0 0 0 New other liabilities 0 0 0 Sale of other current assets 0 0 0 Sale of fixed assets 0 0 0 New Investment received 0 0 0 Subtotal cash received 1,095,000 1,150,000 1,210,000 Expenditure Cash spending 58,000 86,000 95,000 Bills payment 652,232 691,342 727,276 Total spent on operations 710,232 777,342 822,276 VAT paid 0 0 0 Repayment of current borrowing 0 0 0 Purchase of other current assets 0 0 0 Purchase of fixed assets 0 0 0 Dividends 0 0 0 Subtotal Cash Spent 710,232 777,342 822,276 Net Cash Flow 384,768 372,658 387,724 Cash Balance 394,768 767,426 1,155,150 Projected Balance Sheet 2008 2009 2010 Assets Current assets Cash 394,768 767,426 1,155,150 Stock 60,000 60,000 60,000 Other Current Assets 0 0 0 Total Current Assets 454,768 827,426 1,215,150 Fixed Assets Fixed assets Accumulated 20,000 20,000 20,000 Depreciation 0 0 0 Total Assets 474,768 847,426 1,235,150 2008 2009 2010 Liabilities and Capital Current Liabilities Accounts payable 53,900 57,085 60,020 Current borrowing 0 0 0 Other current liabilities 108,583 220,456 308,795 Long term liabilities 0 Total liabilities 162,483 277,541 368,815 Capital including profits 312,285 569,885 866,335 Total liabilities and Capital 474,768 847,426 1,235,150 Bibliography Barrow Colin, Barrow Paul, Brown Robert, The Business Plan Workbook, (2001) Kogan Page Ltd Blackwell Edward, How to Prepare a Business Plan, (2004) Kogan Page Ltd Branson, Richard, The Best-Laid Business Plans: How to Write Them, How to Pitch Them (Virgin Business Guides), (2005) Virgin Books; New Ed edition Covello Joseph, Hazelgren Brian, The Complete Book of Business Plans (Jan 1993), Sourcebooks Eleanor Hughes, Key Note Report – Cosmetics Fragrances A Market Sector Overview 10th Edition Euromonitor – Consumer Europe 2002/3 – 18th Edition Pub. Euromonitor International Plc Finch Brian, How to Write a Business Plan, (2006), Kogan Page Ltd McKeever Mike P., How to Write a Business Plan,(1992) Nolo Press UK Population data accessed from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/glance/#population Footnotes [1] The UK cosmetics industry is regulated under the the Department of Trade and Industrys 1996 Cosmetic Products (Safety) Regulations.